Swiss Guards Unveil Historic Uniforms Ahead of Vatican Ceremony

The Swiss Guards of the Vatican are returning to a historic look with a new black wool uniform, featuring two rows of buttons, a yellow-and-white belt, and a Mao-style collar. The design is not a new creation, but a faithful copy of a centuries-old uniform worn by senior Swiss Guard officials until 1976.

The corps had attempted an updated uniform about ten years ago, but it was not well-received. They then commissioned a more authentic version, which will be used officially for the first time during a gala reception on Friday, the night before the annual swearing-in ceremony. An unnamed benefactor covered the cost of the uniforms, which are reserved for senior ranks, costing approximately 2,000 euros (2,300 dollars) each.

The World’s Oldest and Smallest Army

The Swiss Guard is considered the oldest standing army in the world. It was founded in 1506 by Pope Julius II, who admired the bravery of Swiss mercenaries and asked them to protect the Vatican. For more than 500 years, Switzerland has continued to provide soldiers for the Vatican, maintaining a small force of 135 men.

Traditionally, the swearing-in ceremony takes place on or around May 6 to honor the 147 guardsmen who died protecting Pope Clement VII during the Sack of Rome in 1527. This year, the ceremony was delayed due to the death of Pope Francis in April and the election of Pope Leo XIV.

More Than Just One Uniform

The black wool uniform is just one of several that Swiss Guards wear. Their most famous outfit is the “Gala Uniform,” known for its colorful design inspired by the Medici family. Contrary to popular myth, it was not designed by Michelangelo, but by Commander Jules Repond in the early 1900s.

Visitors to Vatican City can also see guards in navy uniforms and berets, patrolling the main entrances of the city-state.

Plans for a New Barracks, Possibly Including Women in the Future

The swearing-in ceremony comes at a time when plans to renovate the guards’ aging barracks are progressing. The renovation aims to optimize space and add more dormitory-style rooms. While there are currently no plans to admit female recruits, the redesigned barracks could allow a female section in the future if approved by the Pope.

Jean-Pierre Roth, president of the foundation raising funds for the project, emphasized that the decision rests with the Vatican: “The only thing we have done is make it possible, in the future, to have a special section for females if desired.”

The renovation is complex because Vatican City is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, requiring approval from the U.N.’s technical experts. The Vatican received initial approval for its architectural plans in 2023 and plans to present updated proposals soon.

So far, 48 million euros have been raised through donations and pledges, but rising construction costs in Rome mean additional fundraising will be needed in 2026. Originally, officials hoped to unveil the new barracks in 2027, marking the 500th anniversary of the Sack of Rome. Now, construction is expected to begin that year.

A Big Year for New Recruits

Joining the Swiss Guard is not easy. Candidates must be Swiss, male, practicing Catholics, aged 19-30, at least 1.74 meters (5’7”) tall, and have an impeccable reputation. They must be healthy, have completed high school, finished Swiss military training, hold a driver’s license, and commit to serving at least 26 months.

Most recruits are unmarried, but those over 25 may marry after five years of service if they pledge to continue for another three years.

One of the recruits, identified only as Dario for security reasons, grew up familiar with the guards, as his father served from 1989 to 1991. Inspired by a friend’s swearing-in in 2023, he joined the corps in January.

Dario’s first year on duty has been remarkable, coinciding with a Jubilee year that drew millions of pilgrims to Rome, the death of a pope, and the election of a new one. Speaking from the barracks’ courtyard, he said, “What we have experienced now in this one year alone, other Swiss Guards haven’t experienced in their whole service time.”

Despite the long hours, Dario said the work is rewarding: “You are here to serve, not to go on vacation in Rome.”